Breastfeeding is one of the best ways a mother and her newborn can strengthen their emotional connection, while also providing her infant with essential nutrients for development. While not all mothers chose to breastfeed, the process of nursing is a topic that brings on a lot of questions to new mothers, especially those who are breast cancer survivors. The ability to breastfeed depends on a number of factors, including milk production, the milk ducts, and the nipple/areola.
Chemotherapy and other Long-term Medications
Patients diagnosed with breast cancer may undergo several different treatments depending on the best option for their specific cancer diagnosis. Breastfeeding after cancer treatment may be possible, but there are some complications to be aware of. Patients who are currently going through chemotherapy should not breastfeed their baby. Those who completed their chemotherapy can typically breastfeed, but be sure to talk to your doctor to ensure breastfeeding is safe for you and your baby after a certain amount of time has passed. Some women may take long-term medications for their cancer treatment (such as tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, or trastuzumab) and should not breastfeed while taking these medications. If you are currently taking one of these medications or any other medication for cancer treatment, talk to your doctor about when to stop taking the medications, how long to wait until you breastfeed, and when to resume the medications. 2
Mastectomy, Lumpectomy, and/or Biopsy
Another possible treatment for breast cancer is surgery. A mastectomy is the process of removing the entire breast (or breasts). It may be possible to use the remaining tissue to produce milk and breastfeed your baby. However, if you received a double mastectomy (meaning both breasts are entirely removed), you will not be able to produce milk for your baby. 2
Another surgical option is a lumpectomy or partial mastectomy. During a lumpectomy, the diseased breast tissue and some of the surrounding healthy tissue is removed. Many patients are still able to breastfeed following a breast biopsy or lumpectomy. Depending on the amount of breast tissue that is removed, there may be a greater risk of damage occurring to the glandular tissue which may affect milk supply in the future.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation is another possible treatment for breast cancer. Although it can be a very effective cancer treatment for many, radiation therapy may permanently damage your ability to produce breast milk. It may also alter the texture and appearance of your breast milk, causing many women to decide to not feed their baby that milk. However, there is no evidence supporting that this milk is dangerous for your newborn to consume. It is also possible to nurse your baby using the breast that was uninfected and exposed to minimal radiation.3 Certain surgeries may alter the structure of your breast, which could cause severe pain or discomfort while nursing. This may also make it difficult for your baby to latch on to your breast 1.
Overall, many women are fit to breastfeed their infant even after battling breast cancer. In many cases, it poses no risk to you or your baby’s health to breastfeed after receiving cancer treatment. Of course, there are certain instances where your treatment may prevent you from breastfeeding. Regardless, many cancer survivors are still able to feed their baby their breast milk; it is even encouraged if you are able to do so. If you are a cancer survivor looking to breastfeed, or currently undergoing cancer treatment and curious how this may impact your future ability to breastfeed, talk to your breast surgeon!
Sources
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding After Breast Cancer. American Cancer Society. (2019, October 3). https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/living-as-a-breast-cancer-survivor/pregnancy-after-breast-cancer.html.
- Siegrist, P., Comber, E., & Evilsizor, E. (2016, October 19). Breastfeeding After Treatment for Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Living Beyond Breast Cancer. https://www.lbbc.org/young-woman/your-medical-needs/breastfeeding-after-treatment-early-stage-breast-cancer#:~:text=removes%20the%20entire%20breast%2C%20so,because%20both%20breasts%20are%20removed.
- West, D. (2018, December 17). Cancer and Breastfeeding. La Leche League International. https://www.llli.org/cancer-and-breastfeeding/.
When you think of breast cancer, what comes to mind? Many people picture women, sometimes wearing pink, or a pink ribbon. Although breast cancer very commonly seen in women, men can also develop breast cancer and it’s important to raise awareness and support men breast cancer thrivers or survivors as well.
The following are key facts about breast cancer in men:
- The ratio of male-to-female breast cancer diagnoses is 1 man to every 120 women.
- Male breast cancer rates are on the rise, which may be related to the hormonal effects of obesity.
- Men are often diagnosed with breast cancer at later stages than women (because routine screening is not recommended for men).
- Male breast cancer is usually estrogen receptor positive (ER+).
Specific risk factors for male breast cancer include the following:
- A family history of breast cancer, especially in other male relatives
- Certain genetic syndromes
- BRCA gene mutation and other genetic mutations.
- Klinefelter’s syndrome (sex chromosome combination of XXY), which carries a 50-fold increase in risk
How Is Breast Cancer in Men Diagnosed?
Usually, a man will discover the breast mass himself and seek medical attention. His physician will then take a careful history, perform a physical exam, and often order breast imaging, including mammography and breast ultrasound. If the imaging is suspicious, the patient will need a biopsy for a tissue sample.
How Is Breast Cancer in Men Treated?
Surgical treatment options for men diagnosed with breast cancer are the same as those for women. Male breast cancer can be successfully treated with lumpectomy and radiation therapy (also called breast conservation therapy). The current breast conservation rate for male breast cancer in the United States is 13%. This means that many men with breast cancer are being treated with mastectomy.
Chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy treatment recommendations are similar for men and women, and are dependent on the stage and biology of the patient’s cancer. For estrogen receptor–positive breast cancers in men, tamoxifen is the drug of choice.
The risk of developing a new breast cancer in the opposite breast for a male breast cancer patient is about 1% to 2%. Due to this very small risk, preventive mastectomy, also called prophylactic mastectomy, for the opposite breast is not recommended.
Other Considerations for Men with Breast Cancer:
- Genetic testing—8% of all male breast cancer patients will carry a BRCA2 gene defect. This information is especially important for their female relatives. Genetic counseling for family members can be lifesaving.
- Risk of another type of cancer—12.5% of men with breast cancer will develop a second type of cancer. The most common associated cancers are prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer and colon cancer. Appropriate cancer screening guidelines are recommended.
Are Survival Rates Different for Men and Women?
Breast cancer survival for men and women is the same when the stage and biology of the breast cancer is similar. As with women, the earlier a breast cancer is detected and treated in a man, the better the chances are of taking care of the breast cancer and improving long-term survival.
-Dr. Ann Chuang